language en
Imported Ontologies:
explanationPattern.owl
<http://purl.org/heals/food/>
<http://purl.org/heals/foodon/>
sio.owl
<http://www.omg.org/techprocess/ab/SpecificationMetadata/>
cpannotationschema.owl
core
prov-o#
eo
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://insertlicenseURIhere.org
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

This is a place holder text for the abstract. The abstract should contain a couple of sentences summarizing the ontology and its purpose.

Introduction back to ToC

This is a place holder text for the introduction. The introduction should briefly describe the ontology, its motivation, state of the art and goals.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
feo<http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/>
schema<http://schema.org>
explanationPattern<http://linkedu.eu/dedalo/explanationPattern.owl>
data<http://linkedu.eu/dedalo/data>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema>
cito<http://purl.org/spar/cito>
prov-o<http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o>
terms<http://purl.org/dc/terms>
SpecificationMetadata1<https://www.omg.org/techprocess/ab/SpecificationMetadata>
vann<http://purl.org/vocab/vann>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1>
default namespace<http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology>
void<http://rdfs.org/ns/void>
oboInOwl<http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl>
resource<http://semanticscience.org/resource>
cpannotationschema<http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl>
protege<http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege>
situation-owl<http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl>
eo<https://purl.org/heals/eo>
dul-owl<http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl>
food<http://purl.org/heals/food>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns>
SpecificationMetadata<http://www.omg.org/techprocess/ab/SpecificationMetadata>
obo<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1>

Food Explanation Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

Food Explanation Ontology: Description back to ToC

This is a placeholder text for the description of your ontology. The description should include an explanation and a diagram explaining how the classes are related, examples of usage, etc.

Cross reference for Food Explanation Ontology classes, properties and dataproperties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Food Explanation Ontology.

Classes

Abductive Taskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#AbductiveTask

Abduction is a task which tries to identify those initial conditions which deduction starts from, given general laws and some singular statements called final states.
Source
Stefanelli, M., & Ramoni, M. (1992). Epistemological constraints on medical knowledge-based systems. In Advanced models of cognition for medical training and practice (pp. 3-20). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
has super-classes
AI Task c

aggregate datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/AggregateData

has super-classes
s i o 000052 c

AI Methodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ArtificialIntelligenceMethod

a subroutine that implements a single family of AI models and takes as input certain inputs and outputs a value
has super-classes
s i o 000667 c
has sub-classes
Computer Heuristics c, Fuzzy Logic c, Knowledge Bases c, Knowledge based Systems c, Machine Learning c, Natural Language Processing c, Neural Networks (Computer) c, Robotics c

AI Taskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#AITask

is an activity that uses a reasoning type to accomplish within a defined period of time a goal within a larger problem
Source
Tu, S. W., Eriksson, H., Gennari, J. H., Shahar, Y., & Musen, M. A. (1995). Ontology-based configuration of problem-solving methods and generation of knowledge-acquisition tools: application of PROTEGE-II to protocol-based decision support. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 7(3), 257-289.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_(project_management)
Example
Deductive task
has super-classes
s i o 000649 c
has sub-classes
Abductive Task c, Deductive Task c, Inductive Task c

allergic food characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/AllergicFoodCharacteristic

is equivalent to
allergies c
has super-classes
negative food characteristic c

allergiesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Allergies

is equivalent to
food c and (is allergen for op some User c)
has super-classes
food preferences c

allowed food characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/AllowedFoodCharacteristic

is equivalent to
food c and (allowed by op some User c)
has super-classes
positive user characteristic c

Biological Ontologiesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0028401

has super-classes
Knowledge Bases c
has sub-classes
Gene Ontology c

breakfast recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/BreakfastRecipe

a class that contains recipes of type breakfast
Source
"Breakfast," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/breakfast. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
is equivalent to
recipe c and (is recommended for meal op value breakfast)

caloriec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Calorie

has super-classes
nutrient measurement c

carbohydratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Carbohydrate

has super-classes
nutrient measurement c

Case Based Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#CaseBasedExplanation

Provides solutions that are based on actual prior cases that can be presented to the user to provide compelling support for the system’s conclusions, and may involve analogical reasoning, relying on similarities between features of the case and of the current situation.
Source
Ahmed IM, Alfonse M, Aref M, Salem ABM. Reasoning Techniques for Diabetics Expert Systems. Procedia Computer Science. 2015;65:813–820
Cunningham P, Doyle D, Loughrey J. An evaluation of the usefulness of case-based explanation. In: International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning. Springer; 2003. p. 122–130.
Leake DB. Evaluating Explanations. In: AAAI; 1988. p. 251–255
Example
Addresses question of the form, "To what other situations has this recommendation been applied?"
is equivalent to
is based on some Explanation and (is based on some System Recommendation c and (was generated by op some AI Task c and (s i o 000230 op some Object Record c)))
has super-classes
Explanation

characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Characteristic

a distinguishing trait, quality, or property
Source
"Characteristic," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/characterisitc. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
Example
Classes that inherit from this class represent different possible characteristics of food. Examples in this ontology include "flavor" and "texture" but these can be expanded as desired. Specific flavors and textures are represented as individuals that inherent from their respective subclass.
has sub-classes
flavor c, texture c

chemical food productc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/ChemicalFoodProduct

a food substance derived from a nonliving source (e.g., salt, water or synthesized compounds)
Source
BioPortal, "FoodOn," November 2018. [Online]. Available: https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FOODON/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FFOODON_03411041. [Accessed Nov. 19, 2018].
has super-classes
food c

Clinical Pearlsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ClinicalPearl

small bits of free-standing, clinically relevant information based on experience or observation
Source
Lorin, M.I., Palazzi, D.L., Turner, T.L., Ward, M.A.: What is a clinical pearl andwhat is its role in medical education? Medical teacher30(9-10), 870–874 (2008)
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What is a fact a system should consider when prescribing this medication?"
is equivalent to
((is based on some System Recommendation c) and (is based on some Experential Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some User c))) or (is based on some System Recommendation c and (used some Experential Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some User c)))
has super-classes
Everyday Explanation c

Computer Heuristicsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0001177

has super-classes
AI Method c

Contextual Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ContextualExplanation

Refers to information about items other than the explicit inputs and output, such as information about the user, situation, and broader environment that affected the computation.
Contextual explanations are those that refer to information about items other than the explicit inputs and output, such as information about the user, situation, and broader environment that affected the computation. Providing such information requires that a system be “context-aware,” and can include information about a “user’s tasks, significant user attributes, organizational environment, and technical and physical environments” (I.O. for standardization).
Source
I. O. for Standardization, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems. Int. Organization for Standardization, 1999
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What broader information about the current situation prompted the suggestion of this recommendation?"
is equivalent to
((is based on some Contextual Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some situation)) or (is based on some Contextual Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some Object Record c))) and (is based on some System Recommendation c)
has super-classes
Explanation

Contextual Knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Contextual_Knowledge

all the knowledge that is relevant and can be mobilized to understand a given situated decision problem.
Source
Brézillon, P., & Pomerol, J. C. (1999, July). Contextual knowledge and proceduralized context. In Proceedings of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Modeling Context in AI Applications, Orlando, Florida, USA, July. AAAI Technical Report.
Dey, A. K. (2001). Understanding and using context. Personal and ubiquitous computing, 5(1), 4-7.
is equivalent to
is internal dp value false
has super-classes
Knowledge c
has sub-classes
Environmental Context c, User Context c
has members
Patient has hyperglycemia ni

Contrastive Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ContrastiveExplanation

Answers the question “Why this output instead of that output,” making a contrast between the given output and the facts that led to it (inputs and other considerations), and an alternate output of interest and the foil (facts that would have led to it).
As described by (Van der Waa, 2018) and (Miller, 2019), contrastive explanations define an output of interest and present contrasts between the fact (the event that did occur), the given output, and the foil (the event that did not occur), the output of interest.
Source
J. van der Waa, M. Robeer, J. van Diggelen, M. Brinkhuis, and M. Neerincx, “Contrastive explanations with local foil trees,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.07470, 2018.
T. Miller, “Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 267, pp. 1–38, 2019
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "Why administer this new drug over the one I would typically prescribe?"
is equivalent to
(is based on some System Recommendation c and (used some Fact c)) and (is based on some System Recommendation c and (used some Foil c))
has super-classes
Explanation

Counterfactual Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#CounterfactualExplanation

Addresses the question of what solutions would have been obtained with a different set of inputs than those used.
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What if the patient had a high risk for  cardiovascular disease? Would you still recommend  the same treatment plan?"
is equivalent to
is based on some System Recommendation c and (used some Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some Object Record c))
has super-classes
Explanation
has members
Addresses "What if the major problem was a fasting plasma glucose?" ni, Addresses "What other factors about the patient does the system know of?" ni

coursec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Course

dfferent types of specific sets of food items that are served together during a meal
Source
Wikipedia , "Course (food)." [Online]. Available: http://www.montignac.com/en/the-glycemic-index-concept/. [Accessed Nov. 1 2018]
Example
The individuals that inhreit from this class represent courses of a meal. The recipe "banana bread" can be "recommended for course" "dessert". Additional courses can be added as individuals that inheret from this class.
has members
appetizer ni, dessert ni, entree ni, salad ni, side ni, soup ni

date in systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/DateInSystem

has super-classes
s i o 000418 c

Decision Treec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#DecisionTree

is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. It is one way to display an algorithm that only contains conditional control statements.
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree
has super-classes
Supervised Machine Learning c

Deductive Taskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#DeductiveTask

Deduction allows us to derive from each candidate hypothesis what one expects to be true (consequence) if that hypothesis is true
Source
Stefanelli, M., & Ramoni, M. (1992). Epistemological constraints on medical knowledge-based systems. In Advanced models of cognition for medical training and practice (pp. 3-20). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
has super-classes
AI Task c
has members
Deductive task that generated a recommnendation used as a basis for a contrastive explanation ni

dinner recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/DinnerRecipe

a class that contains recipes of type dinner
Source
"Dinner," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dinner. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
is equivalent to
recipe c and (is recommended for meal op value dinner)

dislike food characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/DislikeFoodCharacteristic

is equivalent to
disliked foods c
has super-classes
negative food characteristic c

disliked foodsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/DislikedFoods

is equivalent to
food c and (disliked by op some User c)
has super-classes
food preferences c

dried fish productc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/DriedFishProduct

has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400769

dried meat productc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/DriedMeatProduct

has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400769

Environmental Contextc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Environmental_Context

deals with the physical aspects of the experimental situation
Source
Smith, S. M., Glenberg, A., & Bjork, R. A. (1978). Environmental context and human memory. Memory & Cognition, 6(4), 342-353.
has super-classes
Contextual Knowledge c

Everyday Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#EverydayExplanation

Uses accounts of the real world that appeal to the user, given their general understanding and knowledge.
Accounts of the real world that appeal to the user based on their general understanding and knowledge [(McNeil and Krajack, 2008) of how the world works, and that help them understand why particular facts (events, properties, decisions, etc.) occurred (Miller, 2019).
Source
K. L. McNeill and J. Krajcik, “Inquiry and scientific explanations: Helping students use evidence and reasoning,” Sci. as inquiry in the secondary setting, pp. 121–134, 2008
T. Miller, “Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 267, pp. 1–38, 2019.
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "Why are gloves recommended when dealing with high-risk patients?"
Addresses a question of the form, "Why does option A make sense?"
is equivalent to
(((is based on some situation and (s i o 000668 op some User c)) or (is based on some Experential Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some User c))) and (is based on some System Recommendation c)) or (is based on some System Recommendation c and ((used some situation and (s i o 000668 op some User c)) or (used some Experential Knowledge c and (s i o 000668 op some User c))))
has super-classes
Explanation
has sub-classes
Clinical Pearls c

Evidence Based Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Evidence_Based_Explanation

account that articulates how or why an event occured that is supported by evidence and scientific ideas
Source
https://www.sciencepracticesleadership.com/definitions.html
Example
Address questions of the form, "What studies support this recommendation?"
is equivalent to
is based on some Scientific Knowledge c and (was generated by op some s i o 001066 c)
has super-classes
Scientific Explanation c

Experential Knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ExperentialKnowledge

information and wisdom gained from lived experience
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
Source
https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/sage-encyc-qualitative-research-methods/n162.xml
has super-classes
Knowledge c

Expert Systemsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0006327

has super-classes
Knowledge based Systems c

Explanation Goalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ExplanationGoal

the impact that an explanation has on a user or the purpose it was designed to achieve
Example
educational
has super-classes
s i o 000337 c

Explanation Modalityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ExplanationModality

a particular form/media in which an explanation exists is expressed
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
has super-classes
s i o 000612 c

Factc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Fact

inputs and other considerations that led to a system recommendation that did occur
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
is equivalent to
(positive user characteristic c or system characteristic c) and (is characteristic of op some parameter c) and (supports op some parameter c)
has super-classes
Knowledge c
has members
Drug B is a preferred drug ni

fatc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Fat

has super-classes
nutrient measurement c

flavorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Flavor

the quality of something that affects the sense of taste
Source
"Flavor," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/flavor. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].
has super-classes
characteristic c
is disjoint with
texture c

Foilc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Foil

facts that would have led to a system recommendation that could have occured
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
is equivalent to
((negative food characteristic c and (supports op some parameter c)) or ((positive user characteristic c or system characteristic c) and (opposes op some parameter c))) and (is characteristic of op some parameter c)
has super-classes
Knowledge c
has members
Patient has hyperglycemia ni

foodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Food

something that can be eaten
Source
BBC, "Food Ontology," ONTOLOGIES, March 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.co.uk/ontologies/fo. [Accessed Sep. 29, 2018].
Example
This class is the top-level element that represents different classifications of food. An ingredient individual will have the type of the most specific category it falls under. For example, "chicken egg" will be a type of "egg" which is a subclass of "poultry product" which is a subclass of "primary food commodity of animal origin" which is a subclass of "food". Additional classifications can be added at any level of the classification.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
chemical food product c, primary food commodity of fungus origin c
is in domain of
disliked by op, is allergen for op, liked by op
has members
butternut squash soup ni, strawberry tart ni

food preferencesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/FoodPreferences

has sub-classes
allergies c, disliked foods c, liked foods c

forbidden food characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/ForbiddenFoodCharacteristic

is equivalent to
food c and (forbidden by op some User c)
has super-classes
negative food characteristic c

Fuzzy Logicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0017538

has super-classes
AI Method c

Gene Ontologyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0028314

has super-classes
Biological Ontologies c

goalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Goal

has sub-classes
lower cholestrol c, weight gain c, weight loss c

goal characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/GoalCharacteristic

has super-classes
characteristic c

high glycemic recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/highGlycemicRecipe

a class of recipes that contains an ingredient with a glycemic index of 50 or more
Source
Montignac Method, "Search for a specific Glycemic Index," 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.montignac.com/en/search-for-a-specific-glycemic-index/. [Accessed Nov. 1, 2018]
is equivalent to
recipe c and (has ingredient op some has glycemic index dp some )

Inductive Taskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#InductiveTask

Induction is able to match single statement to single statement and, therefore, to match a single statement derived as a prediction from a hypothesis with a single statement describing a portion of the real state of airs in the patient.
Source
Stefanelli, M., & Ramoni, M. (1992). Epistemological constraints on medical knowledge-based systems. In Advanced models of cognition for medical training and practice (pp. 3-20). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
has super-classes
AI Task c

ingredientc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Ingredient

a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish
Source
Cambridge Dictionary, "ingredient." [Online]. Available: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/ingredient. [Accessed Nov. 10, 2018]
Example
Individuals that are subclasses of this class represent ingredients that are used in a specific recipe. For example, the individual "banana" is a subclass of "ingredient" and the recipe "banana bread" "has ingredient" "banana". Ingredients can have the properties "has glycymic index" and "has gluten".
has super-classes
is in range of
has ingredient op

Knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#knowledge

has super-classes
theory
has sub-classes
Contextual Knowledge c, Experential Knowledge c, Fact c, Foil c, Numerical Evidence c, Scientific Knowledge c

Knowledge based Systemsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#KnowledgeBasedSystems

has super-classes
AI Method c
has sub-classes
Expert Systems c

Knowledge Basesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0024712

has super-classes
AI Method c
has sub-classes
Biological Ontologies c

less than one hour recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/LessThanOneHourRecipe

a class that contains all recipes that only take one hour to cook
Source
Dictionary.com, "hour." [Online]. Available: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hour. [Accessed Oct. 5, 2018]
is equivalent to
recipe c and (has cook time dp some )

liked food characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/LikedFoodCharacteristic

is equivalent to
food c and (liked by op some User c)
has super-classes
positive user characteristic c

liked foodsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/LikedFoods

is equivalent to
food c and (liked by op some User c)
has super-classes
food preferences c

location characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/LocationCharacteristic

is equivalent to
s i o 000414 c and (s i o 000145 op some system c)
has super-classes
system characteristic c

lower cholestrolc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/LowerCholestrol

has super-classes
goal c

lunch recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/LunchRecipe

a class that contains recipes of type lunch
Source
"Lunch," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunch. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
is equivalent to
recipe c and (is recommended for meal op value lunch)

Machine Learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0001480

has super-classes
AI Method c
has sub-classes
Supervised Machine Learning c, Unsupervised Machine Learning c

mealc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Meal

a class that links a recipe to a certain meal
Source
Wikipedia, "Meal." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal. [Accessed: Oct. 25, 2018]
Example
The individuals that inhreit from this class represent different types of meals. The recipe "kamut pancakes" can be "recommended for meal" "breakfast". Additional meals can be added as individuals that inheret from this class.
has members
breakfast ni, brunch ni, dinner ni, lunch ni, snack ni

measurementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Measurement

an adequate or due portion
Source
"Measure," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/measure. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].
Example
This class contains subclasses that represent different kinds of measurements relating to cooking. For example "time measurement" is a class that contains the individuals "minute" and "hour" and is used to represent the amount of time a recipe takes to make or cook.
has sub-classes
nutrient measurement c, temperature measurement c, time measurement c

meat from chickenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/MeatFromChicken

the muscular tissues from a chicken
Source
BioPortal, "FoodOn," November 2018. [Online]. Available: https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FOODON/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FFOODON_03400741. [Accessed Nov. 14, 2018].
has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400741

meat from cowc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/MeatFromCow

the muscular tissues from a cow
Source
BioPortal, "FoodOn," November 2018. [Online]. Available: https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FOODON/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FFOODON_03400737. [Accessed Nov. 14, 2018].
has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400737

meat from lambc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/MeatFromLamb

the muscular tissues from a lamb
Source
BioPortal, "FoodOn," November 2018. [Online]. Available: https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FOODON/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FFOODON_03400737. [Accessed Nov. 14, 2018].
has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400737

meat from pigc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/MeatFromPig

the muscular tissues from a pig
Source
BioPortal, "FoodOn," November 2018. [Online]. Available: https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FOODON/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FFOODON_03400737. [Accessed Nov. 14, 2018].
has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400737

Mechanistic Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Mechanistic_Explanation

a mechanistic explanation involves presenting a model of the mechanism (the explanans) responsible for some phenomenon of interest (the explanandum). A mechanism is an entity or structure, such as an organ (though a mechanism need not be delineated by such clear physical boundaries) that performs a function by virtue of its component parts, operations and, importantly, their spatial and temporal organisation (Bechtel & Abrahamsen 2005: 421–23). That is, a mechanism does not just consist in its physical parts, but in the ‘organised interplay’ of the activities of those parts (Soom 2012: 656). Examples of phenomena (i.e.,functions or behaviours performed by mechanisms) include such things as the heart’s pumping blood, metabolism and memory.
Source
Dessaix, D. Mechanistic Explanation: Some Limits and their Significance. The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal, 51.
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What is a biological basis for this recommendation?"
is equivalent to
is based on some Scientific Knowledge c and (was generated by op some Scientific Method c)
has super-classes
Scientific Explanation c

milk from cowc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/MilkFromCow

milk obtained from a cow
Source
Wikipedia, "Milk." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk#Cow's_milk. [Accessed: Nov. 10, 2018]
has super-classes
f o o d o n 03400740

mushroomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Mushroom

the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source
Source
Wikipedia, "Mushroom." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom. [Accessed: Nov. 22, 2018]
has super-classes
primary food commodity of fungus origin c

Natural Language Processingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0010354

has super-classes
AI Method c

negative food characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/NegativeFoodCharacteristic

has super-classes
user characteristic c
has sub-classes
allergic food characteristic c, dislike food characteristic c, forbidden food characteristic c

Neural Networks (Computer)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0017046

has super-classes
AI Method c

Numerical Evidencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Numerical_Evidence

a statistical value that backs and quantifies a recommendation
has super-classes
Knowledge c

nutrient measurementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/NutrientMeasurement

has super-classes
measurement c
has sub-classes
calorie c, carbohydrate c, fat c, protien c, sodium c, sugar c
is in range of
has nutrient op

Object Recordc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#object_record

a collection of fields that has been gathered for a particular object and the selection is fed to a computer program
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
has super-classes
s i o 000069 c

parameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Parameter

has super-classes
characteristic c
is in range of
has parameter op
is also defined as
named individual

positive user characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/PositiveUserCharacteristic

has super-classes
user characteristic c
has sub-classes
allowed food characteristic c, liked food characteristic c

primary food commodity of fungus originc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/PrimaryFoodCommodityOfFungusOrigin

unaltered food derived from fungus
Source
NHS, "Eating processed foods," January 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/what-are-processed-foods/. [Accessed Nov.22 2018]
has super-classes
food c
has sub-classes
mushroom c, yeast c

protienc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Protien

has super-classes
nutrient measurement c

Reasoning Modec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#Reasoning_Mode

a process being executed by the system that achieves a particular goal; e.g. inference models such as treatment planning involved in medical diagnosis can be considered reasoning modes where system is executing a set of tasks
Source
Ramoni, M., Stefanelli, M., Magnani, L., & Barosi, G. (1992). An epistemological framework for medical knowledge-based systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 22(6), 1361-1375.
Example
The treatment planning process proceeds in four steps. First, the play therapist must develop accurate, comprehensive treatment goals that are consistent with the case formulation and the theoretical model being used. Because these goals are formulated from a theoretical perspective, they may not fully align with the goals of the child and his or her caregivers. Therefore, in the second step, the play therapist must work with both the child client and his or her caregivers to develop a treatment contract that takes the goals created in the first step and addresses each party’s needs. This will ensure they will remain actively engaged in the treatment process over time. Third, the play therapist must organize the treatment goals and the treatment contracts into a realistic and sequential treatment plan. Finally, the play therapist must devise both experiential and cognitive/verbal interventions to move the client toward the treatment goals.

Source: O'Connor, K. J., & Ammen, S. (2012). Play therapy treatment planning and interventions: The ecosystemic model and workbook. Academic Press.
has super-classes
s i o 000097 c

recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Recipe

a combination of ingredients and a method, created by a chef, that produces a food
Source
BBC, "Food Ontology," ONTOLOGIES, March 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.co.uk/ontologies/fo. [Accessed Sep. 29, 2018].
Example
Individuals that are a type of this class represent instances of recipes that are found online. For example, the individual "banana bread" can be found on AllRecipes.com and has the properties "has ingredient," "has cook time," "has cooking temprature," "serves," "is recommended for course," and "is recommended for meal".

Roboticsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0013278

has super-classes
AI Method c

s i o 000010c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000010

has super-classes

s i o 000085c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000085

has super-classes
has members
"Why Drug A over Drug B?" ni, What if the major problem was a fasting plasma glucose? ni, What other factors about the patient does the system know of? ni

s i o 000414c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000414

has super-classes

s i o 001194c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001194

is equivalent to
s i o 000008 op some s i o 001194 c

Scientific Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#scientificExplanation

References the results of rigorous scientific methods, observations, and measurements.
Scientific explanations reference the results of rigorous scientific methods, such as observations and measurements, to explain something we see in the natural world (Moore, 2000). Adapting from (Miller, 2019), we add that scientific explanations usually contain different components of interacting knowledge, including theories or mechanisms such as physiological ones, which are sets of principles that form building blocks for models; models which represent the relationships between entities and their attributes informed by taxonomies and other classification schemes; and data (e.g. measurements, observations).
Source
J. Moore, “Varieties of scientific explanation,” The Behavior Analyst, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 173–190, 2000.
T. Miller, “Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 267, pp. 1–38, 2019.
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What is the biological basis for this recommendation?"
is equivalent to
((is based on some System Recommendation c) and (is based on some Scientific Knowledge c and ((was generated by op some s i o 001066 c) or (was generated by op some Scientific Method c)))) or (is based on some System Recommendation c and (used some Scientific Knowledge c and ((was generated by op some s i o 001066 c) or (was generated by op some Scientific Method c))))
has super-classes
Explanation
has sub-classes
Evidence Based Explanation c, Mechanistic Explanation c

Scientific Knowledgec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ScientificKnowledge

knowledge accumulated by systematic study and organized by general principles
Source
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/scientific+knowledge
has super-classes
Knowledge c
has members
Drug B is a preferred drug ni

Scientific Methodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ScientificMethod

involves a question and suggested explanation (hypothesis) based on observation, followed by the careful design and execution of controlled experiments, and finally validation, refinement or rejection of this hypothesis.
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
has super-classes
s i o 000747 c

seasonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Season

has super-classes
s i o 000417 c
has members
autumn ni, spring ni, summer ni, winter ni

season characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/SeasonCharacteristic

is equivalent to
season c and (s i o 000668 op some system c)
has super-classes
system characteristic c

side recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/SideRecipe

a class that contains recipes of type side
Source
"Side Dish," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/side dish. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
is equivalent to
recipe c and (is recommended for meal op value side)

Simulation Based Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#SimulationBasedExplanation

Uses an imagined or implemented imitation of a system or process and the results that emerge from similar inputs
Source
F. Lateef, “Simulation-based learning: Just like the real thing,” J. of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 348, 2010
J. Heal, “Simulation, theory, and content,” Theories of theories of mind, pp. 75–89, 1996.
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What would happen if this recommendation is followed?"
is equivalent to
is based on some System Recommendation c and (was generated by op some AI Task c and (s i o 000230 op some Object Record c and (has setting some situation)))
has super-classes
Explanation

sodiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Sodium

has super-classes
nutrient measurement c

Statistical Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#StatisticalExplanation

Presents an account of the outcome based on data about the occurrence of events under specified (e.g., experimental) conditions. Statistical explanations refer to numerical evidence on the likelihood of factors or processes influencing the result.
Source
C. G. Hempel, “Deductive-nomological vs. statistical explanation,” University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1962.
Example
Addresses questions of the form, "What percentage of similar patients who received this treatment recovered?"
is equivalent to
is based on some System Recommendation c and (was generated by op some Inductive Task c and (s i o 000229 op some Numerical Evidence c and (s i o 000668 op some Object Record c)))
has super-classes
Explanation

sugarc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Sugar

has super-classes
nutrient measurement c

Supervised Machine Learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0001483

has super-classes
Machine Learning c
has sub-classes
Decision Tree c, Support Vector Machine c

Support Vector Machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0027764

has super-classes
Supervised Machine Learning c

systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/System

has super-classes
entity c
has members
system a ni

system characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/SystemCharacteristic

has super-classes
characteristic c
has sub-classes
location characteristic c, season characteristic c

System Recommendationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#SystemRecommendation

an output of an AI system that stitches together the system's output from tasks and/or includes external knowledge used by the task (s)
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
has super-classes
s i o 000602 c
has members
Drug A is not sufficient for this patient ni, Guidelines recommend Drug B ni

System Tracec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#SystemTrace

sequence of underlying system steps and rules that led to a system recommendation
Source
Swartout, W. R., & Moore, J. D. (1993). Explanation in second generation expert systems. In Second generation expert systems (pp. 543-585). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
has super-classes
s i o 000097 c

temperature measurementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/TemperatureMeasurement

degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale
Source
Wikipedia, "Temperature measurement." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement. [Accessed: Nov. 22, 018]
has super-classes
measurement c

texturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Texture

the characteristic physical structure given to a material, an object, etc., by the size, shape, arrangement, and proportions of its parts
Source
"Texture," Dictionary.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/texture. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].
has super-classes
characteristic c
is disjoint with
flavor c

time measurementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/TimeMeasurement

the measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues
Source
Merriam-Webster, "Time." [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/time. [Accessed: Nov. 22, 018]
Wikipedia, "Temperature measurement." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement. [Accessed: Nov. 22, 018]
has super-classes
measurement c

Trace Based Explanationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#TraceBasedExplanation

Provides the underlying sequence of steps used by the system to arrive at a specific result, containing the line of reasoning per case and addressing the question of why and how the application did something.
Trace based explanations describe the underlying sequence of steps used by the system to arrive at a specific result. They reveal “the line of reasoning per case” (Lim et al., 2009), and “addresses the question of why and how the application did something” (Lim et al., 2009).
Source
B. Y. Lim, A. K. Dey, and D. Avrahami, “Why and why not explanations improve the intelligibility of context-aware intelligent systems,” in Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2009, pp. 2119–2128
Example
Addresses a question of the form, "What steps were taken by the system to generate this recommendation?"
is equivalent to
is based on some System Recommendation c and (was generated by op some AI Task c and (used some (Decision Tree c or Knowledge based Systems c) and (s i o 000229 op some System Trace c)))
has super-classes
Explanation

Unsupervised Machine Learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0001486

has super-classes
Machine Learning c

userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/User

a user of the system
Source
"User," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/user. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].
Example
Individuals that inherit from this class represent users of the system. Individual users can have likes, dislikes, and allergies that are saved in the system through the "likes," "dislikes," "forbids," and "is allergic to," properties.

Userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#user

the person that receives and ultimately uses the good, service, or technology
Is defined by
http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/
has super-classes
s i o 000498 c
is in domain of
dislikes op, likes op
is in range of
disliked by op, is allergen for op, liked by op
has members
user a ni

user characteristicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/UserCharacteristic

has super-classes
characteristic c
has sub-classes
negative food characteristic c, positive user characteristic c

User Contextc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#User_Context

any relevant information that can be used to characterize the situation of a user. There are three important aspects of user context: where the user is, whom the user is with, and what resources are nearby.
Source
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/researching-mobile-learning/37179
has super-classes
Contextual Knowledge c

weight gainc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/WeightGain

has super-classes
goal c
is disjoint with
weight loss c

weight lossc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/WeightLoss

has super-classes
goal c
is disjoint with
weight gain c

yeastc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Yeast

humid, yellowish froth produced by fermenting malt worts, and used to brew beer, leaven bread, and also used in certain medicines
Source
Wikidictionary, "Yeast." [Online]. Available: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yeast. [Accessed: Nov. 22, 2018]
has super-classes
primary food commodity of fungus origin c

Object Properties

addressesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#addresses

a addresses b if a provides an answer to b
has super-properties
s i o 000294 op

allowed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/allowedBy

is inverse of
allows op

allowsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/allows

has super-properties
is characteristic of op, is supported by op
is inverse of
allowed by op

asksop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#asks

a property between a creator and the question that the creator poses
has super-properties
s i o 000365 op

disliked byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/dislikedBy

has domain
food c
has range
User c
is inverse of
dislikes op

dislikesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/dislikes

something that a person habitually does not like or enjoy, a feeling of aversion or disapproval
Source
"Dislike," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dislike. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].
has super-properties
is opposed by op
has domain
User c
is inverse of
disliked by op

forbidden byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/forbiddenBy

is inverse of
forbids op

forbidsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/forbids

to hinder or prevent as if by an effectual command
Source
"Forbid," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forbid. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].
has super-properties
is characteristic of op, is opposed by op
is inverse of
forbidden by op

has characteristicop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasCharacteristic

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
has ingredient op, has nutrient op, has parameter op, is availible in op
has range
characteristic c
is inverse of
is characteristic of op

has conversionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasConversion

to exchange for an equivalent
Source
"Converting," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/converting. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].

has flavorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasFlavor

indicates that this item has this flavor
Source
Dictionary.com, "flavor." [Online]. Available: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/flavor?s=t. [Accessed Oct. 13, 2018]

has ingredientop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasIngredient

to have a component part of any combination or mixture
Source
Merriam-Webster, "ingredient," 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ingredient. [Accessed Oct. 18, 2018]
has super-properties
has characteristic op, is supported by op
has range
ingredient c

has nutrientop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasNutrient

has super-properties
has characteristic op
has range
nutrient measurement c

has parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasParameter

has super-properties
has characteristic op
has sub-properties
has primary parameter op, has secondary parameter op
has range
parameter c

has preference forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#hasPreferenceFor

a property that captures what form of output an entity a is presented in
has super-properties
s i o 000628 op

has presentationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#hasPresentation

a property that captures what form of output an entity a is presented in
has super-properties
s i o 000008 op

has primary parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasPrimaryParameter

has super-properties
has parameter op

has savedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasSaved

to store (data) in a computer or on a storage device
Source
Merriam-Webster, "save," 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/save. [Accessed Oct. 13, 2018]

has secondary parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasSecondaryParameter

has super-properties
has parameter op

has textureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasTexture

indicates that this item has this texture
Source
Dictionary.com, "texture." [Online]. Available: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/texture?s=t. [Accessed Oct. 13, 2018]

implementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#implements

a property that associates a process with an object/informational content entity that it addresses
has super-properties
s i o 000132 op

is allergen forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/isAllergenFor

has domain
food c
has range
User c
is inverse of
is allergic to op

is allergic toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/isAllergicTo

the subject has an allergy to the object of this relation
Source
Merriam-Webster, "allergic,"2018. [Online]. Available https https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allergic. [Accessed Oct. 13, 2018]

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
is opposed by op
is inverse of
is allergen for op

is availible inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/isAvailibleIn

has super-properties
has characteristic op, is supported by op

is consumer ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#consumes

a property that associates a person entity with the object they consume
has super-properties
s i o 001403 op

is opposed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/isOpposedBy

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
dislikes op, forbids op, is allergic to op
is inverse of
opposes op

is recommended for courseop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/isRecommendedForCourse

a property of recipe that indicates what course the recipe is recommended for
Source
Wikipedia , "Course (food)." [Online]. Available: http://www.montignac.com/en/the-glycemic-index-concept/. [Accessed Nov. 1 2018]

is recommended for mealop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/isRecommendedForMeal

a property of recipe that indicates what meal the recipe is recommended for
Source
Wikipedia, "Meal." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal. [Accessed: Oct. 25, 2018]

is supported byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/isSupportedBy

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
allows op, has ingredient op, is availible in op, likes op
is inverse of
supports op

liked byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/likedBy

has domain
food c
has range
User c
is inverse of
likes op

likesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/likes

has super-properties
is supported by op
has domain
User c
is inverse of
liked by op

possessop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#possess

maps a property with its associated object
has super-properties
s i o 000223 op

substitutes forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/substitutesFor

indicates that this item can take the place or function of another
Source
"Substitute," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/substitute. [Accessed: 12-Oct-2018].

Data Properties

has caloriesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasCalories

has domain
characteristic c
has range
int

has carbohydrate valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasCarbohydrateValue

has super-properties
has nutrient value dp

has cook timedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasCookTime

the time that something needs to cook
Source
"Cook Time," Collins English Dictionary. [Online]. Available: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/cooking-time

has cooking temperaturedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasCookingTemperature

the temperature at which a food must be baked
Source
Dictionary.com, "temperature." [Online]. Available: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/temperature. [Accessed Oct. 13, 2018]

has fat valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasFatValue

has super-properties
has nutrient value dp

has glutendp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasGluten

a property of ingredients that show whether or not that ingerdient contains gluten
Source
Wikipedia, "Gluten." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten. [Accessed: Oct. 25, 2018]

has glycemic indexdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/hasGlycemicIndex

has a glycemic indexe value which measures carbs’ from the perspective of their pure sugar/starch content in order to determine how they affect glycemia (blood sugar levels) after meals
Source
Méthod Montignac , "The Glycemic Index Concept," 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.montignac.com/en/the-glycemic-index-concept/. [Accessed Nov. 1 2018]

has nutrient valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasNutrientValue

has sub-properties
has carbohydrate value dp, has fat value dp, has protein value dp, has sodium value dp, has sugar value dp
has domain
characteristic c
has range
int

has protein valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasProteinValue

has super-properties
has nutrient value dp

has sodium valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasSodiumValue

has super-properties
has nutrient value dp

has sugar valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/hasSugarValue

has super-properties
has nutrient value dp

is internaldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/isInternal

has range
boolean

is supportivedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/isSupportive

has range
boolean

requires factdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/requiresFact

has range
boolean

servesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/serves

used to indicate how much food a recipe produces
Source
"Serve definition and meaning," Collins English Dictionary. Available: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/serve [Accessed 27-Oct-2018].

Named Individuals

"Why Drug A over Drug B?"ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ContrastiveQuestion

belongs to
s i o 000085 c

Addresses "What if the major problem was a fasting plasma glucose?"ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#CounterfactualProbable2

belongs to
Counterfactual Explanation c
has facts
addresses op What if the major problem was a fasting plasma glucose?

Addresses "What other factors about the patient does the system know of?"ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#CounterfactualProbable1

belongs to
Counterfactual Explanation c
has facts
addresses op What other factors about the patient does the system know of?

appetizerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Appetizer

a food or drink that stimulates the appetite and is usually served before a meal
Source
"Appetizer," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/appetizer. [Accessed: 1-Nov-2018]
belongs to
course c

autumnni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Autumn

belongs to
season c
has facts
s i o 000668 op system a

breakfastni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Breakfast

the first meal of the day especially when taken in the morning
Source
"Breakfast," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/breakfast. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
belongs to
meal c

brunchni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Brunch

a combination of breakfast and lunch eaten usually during the late morning to early afternoon, generally served from 10am up to 2pm, and regularly has some form of alcoholic drink (most usually champagne or a cocktail) served with it
Source
Wikipedia, "Brunch." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunch. [Accessed: Nov. 16, 2018]
belongs to
meal c

butternut squashni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Butternut_Squash

has facts
is availible in op autumn

butternut squash soupni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Butternut_Squash_Soup

belongs to
food c
has facts
has ingredient op butternut squash

cheeseni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Cheese

belongs to
f o o d o n 03400775

Deductive task that generated a recommnendation used as a basis for a contrastive explanationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#AITaskExample

belongs to
Deductive Task c
has facts
s i o 000229 op Drug A is not sufficient for this patient
s i o 000229 op Guidelines recommend Drug B
implements op "Why Drug A over Drug B?"

dessertni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Dessert

a usually sweet course or dish (as of pastry or ice cream) usually served at the end of a meal
Source
"Dessert," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dessert. [Accessed: 1-Nov-2018]
belongs to
course c

dinnerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Dinner

the principal meal of the day
Source
"Dinner," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dinner. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
belongs to
meal c

Drug A is not sufficient for this patientni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#SystemRecExampleForContrastiveExpA

belongs to
System Recommendation c

Drug B is a preferred drugni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#GuidelineEvidence

belongs to
Fact c
Scientific Knowledge c
has facts
s i o 000231 op Deductive task that generated a recommnendation used as a basis for a contrastive explanation

entreeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Entree

the main course of a meal in the U.S.
Source
"Entree," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entree. [Accessed: 1-Nov-2018]
belongs to
course c

goal characteristicni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Goal-Characteristic

belongs to
characteristic c

Guidelines recommend Drug Bni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#SystemRecExampleForContrastiveExpB

belongs to
System Recommendation c

Guidelines recommend Drug B for this patientni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ContrastiveExpInstance

belongs to
Explanation
has facts
addresses op "Why Drug A over Drug B?"

hamni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Ham

belongs to
f o o d o n 03400645

lunchni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Lunch

a usually light, especially one taken in the middle of the day
Source
"Lunch," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunch. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
belongs to
meal c

parameterni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Parameter

belongs to
characteristic c
is also defined as
class

Patient A with a conditionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#HyperglycemiaPatient

belongs to
s i o 000393

Patient has hyperglycemiani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#ContextualKnowledgePatientA

belongs to
Contextual Knowledge c
Foil c
has facts
s i o 000231 op Deductive task that generated a recommnendation used as a basis for a contrastive explanation
s i o 000668 op Patient A with a condition

pescatarian dietni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/PescatarianDiet

belongs to
diet c

pregnancy dietni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/PregnancyDiet

belongs to
diet c

saladni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Salad

a dish consisting of a mixture of small pieces of food, usually vegetables
Source
Wikipedia, "Salad." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad. [Accessed: Nov. 16, 2018]
belongs to
course c

sideni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Side

a food served separately along with the main course
Source
"Side Dish," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/side dish. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
belongs to
course c

snackni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Snack

a light meal : food eaten between regular meals
Source
"Snack," Merriam-Webster. [Online]. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/snack. [Accessed: 1-Nov-2018]
belongs to
meal c

soupni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food/Soup

a primarily liquid food, generally served warm or hot (but may be cool or cold), that is made by combining ingredients of meat or vegetables with stock, juice, water, or another liquid
Source
Wikipedia, "Soup." [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup. [Accessed: Nov. 16, 2018]
belongs to
course c

springni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Spring

belongs to
season c

strawberryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Strawberry

belongs to
f o o d o n 03400644
has facts
is availible in op spring

strawberry tartni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Strawberry_Tart

belongs to
food c
has facts
has ingredient op strawberry

summerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Summer

belongs to
season c

system ani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/SystemA

belongs to
system c
has facts
is in season op autumn

system characteristicni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/System-Characteristic

belongs to
characteristic c

tunani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Tuna

belongs to
f o o d o n 03400656

user ani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/UserA

belongs to
User c
has facts
likes op cheese
forbids op tuna
is allergic to op strawberry

user characteristicni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/User-Characteristic

belongs to
characteristic c

vegan dietni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/VeganDiet

belongs to
diet c

vegetarian dietni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/VegetarianDiet

belongs to
diet c

what if i was vegan?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/What_if_I_was_Vegan?

has facts
has parameter op vegan diet

What if it were spring?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/WhatIfItWereSpring

has facts
has parameter op spring

what if it were spring?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/What_if_it_were_spring?

has facts
has parameter op spring

What if the major problem was a fasting plasma glucose?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#QuestionFromUserStudy2

belongs to
s i o 000085 c

What other factors about the patient does the system know of?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/heals/eo#QuestionFromUserStudy1

belongs to
s i o 000085 c

why eat butternut squash soup over a strawberry tart?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Why_eat_Butternut_Squash_Soup_over_a_Strawberry_Tart?

has facts
has primary parameter op butternut squash soup
has secondary parameter op strawberry tart

why eat butternut squash soup?ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Why_eat_Butternut_Squash_Soup?

has facts
has parameter op butternut squash soup

winterni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/heals/food-explanation-ontology/Winter

belongs to
season c

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgements back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.